Introduction

Work, energy, and power are central ideas in physics that explain how forces cause movement and how energy is transferred or transformed. These concepts are essential for understanding mechanics, engineering, and everyday life.

Work

1. Definition: Work is done when a force is applied to an object and the object moves in the direction of the force.
2. Formula: W=F⋅d⋅cos⁡(θ)
3. F = applied force
4. d = displacement
5. θ = angle between force and displacement
6. Examples:
7. Pushing a box across the floor.
8. Lifting a book from the ground to a shelf.

Energy

Energy is the capacity to do work. It exists in different forms:

1. Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion.
2. Formula: KE=1/2mv²
3. Example: A moving car or a rolling ball.
4. Potential Energy: Stored energy due to position.
5. Formula: PE=mgh
6. Example: Water stored in a dam or a stretched spring.
7. Conservation of Energy: Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it only changes form.
8. Example: A pendulum converts potential energy to kinetic energy and back.

Power

1. Definition: Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.
2. Formula: P=W/t
3. W = work done
4. t = time taken
5. Examples:
6. A fast car engine delivers more power than a slow one.
7. A light bulb consumes electrical power to produce light and heat.

Applications in Real Life

1. Engineering: Machines are designed to maximize efficiency by managing work, energy, and power.
2. Sports: Athletes use energy and power to perform at high levels.
3. Daily Life: From lifting groceries to charging a phone, work and energy are everywhere.

Summary

Work, energy, and power are interconnected concepts that explain how forces cause motion and how energy is transferred. Understanding these fundamentals helps students grasp more advanced topics in physics and appreciate the science behind everyday activities.